NEGARA INTEGRALISTIK DAN KONSEP MANUNGGALING KAWULA GUSTI: ANALISIS PEMIKIRAN SOEPOMO DALAM PERUMUSAN DASAR NEGARA

Abstract

The formulation of the concept and form of the Indonesian state was inseparable from the debates among the nation’s founders, particularly regarding the choice between a unitary and a federal state. In this context, Soepomo put forward the idea of an integralist state as the foundation deemed most suitable for the character of Indonesia’s diverse society. This study aims to analyze Soepomo’s concept of an integralist state and trace the roots of his thought, drawing from both Western theoretical influences and local cultural values, particularly the concept of manunggaling kawula gusti. Additionally, this study seeks to understand the relevance of Soepomo’s ideas in the formation of Indonesia’s constitutional system and his contribution to strengthening national unity amidst societal diversity. The method used is descriptive qualitative research with a literature review approach through the analysis of various relevant literature. The results of the study indicate that Soepomo’s concept of the integralist state is a synthesis of three main schools of thought: individualist theory, group theory, and integralist theory. However, this philosophy is not solely influenced by Western philosophy but also has deep roots in Javanese culture, which emphasizes unity and harmony between humanity and God.