Internal and External Factors Influencing English Club Students’ Speaking Skills
Keywords:
Keywords: Internal Factors, External Factors, Speaking Skills, English Club, Extracurricular Program
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the internal and external factors influencing the growth of students’ speaking skills among active members of an English Club. Guided by three theoretical frameworks, Willingness to Communicate (WTC), Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST), and the Sociocognitive Approach this study examines how internal factors such as motivation, confidence, anxiety, personal interests, and future plans interact with external factors including peer support, teacher feedback, learning environment, family support, and exposure to English outside school. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study collected data through a questionnaire and focus group discussions. The findings show that the interaction of internal factors, such as motivation, confidence, and emotional readiness, and external factors, including peer support, teacher feedback, and English Club environment, influences students’ speaking development. Rather than relying on a single factor, students’ willingness to speak increases when favorable affective conditions are supported by a low-pressure and interactive learning context. Overall, the English Club serves as a supportive space that encourages meaningful interaction and helps students develop speaking skills beyond the formal classroom
References
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Octaberlina, L. R., Training, T., Islam, U., Maulana, N., Ibrahim, M., Java, E., Muslimin, A. I., Training, T., Islam, U., & Mataram, N. (2022). Fostering Students’ Speaking Ability through English Club Activities. 13(September), 414–428.
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R Ukhra, B Usman, A. M. (2020). Using English Commedy Movies With Peer Support In Teaching Speaking. English Education Journal, 11(3), 316–332.
Rahmadana, A., & Pammu, A. (2023). Factors that Affect the Improvement of Students ’ Speaking Skills through Group Discussion Technique : A Case Study at Vocational High School 5 Gowa. 6(4), 713–722.
Salsabila, F. (2025). International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding Enhancing Stu dents ’ Speaking Skills Performance Through English Extracurricular Activities at Senior High School. 380–392.
Sarah, S., Romli, H., Hannifa, K., Yanie, D., Safhira, N. I., & Rohimah, I. (2024). Exploring the role of English club for students speaking skills. 6(1), 44–52.
Sari, F. M., & Wahyudin, A. Y. (2019). EFL students’ writing strategy: A survey study at a university in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(1), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v9i1.15270
Sholihah, F. A. (2024). Student’ s Willingness to Communicate in English in EFL Digital Context: A Narrative Inquiry. 7, 190–198.
Supriyanto, A. C., Pd, S., Savitri, W. E., Pd, S., & Pd, M. (2024). Exploring Factors Influencing Speaking Confidence Among Secondary School Students. 9(2), 61–74.
Tajuddin, A. A., & Shafie, H. (2025). Peer Interaction in English Speaking Skills. IX(Xxiv), 651–659. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS
Teaching, E. L. (2020). ELTR Journal, e-ISSN2579-8235 ,. 4(2), 152–170.
Welay, M., & Nikolov, M. (2024). Heliyon The relationship among EFL learners ’ motivational self-system , willingness to communicate , and self-assessed proficiency at an Ethiopian preparatory high school. Heliyon, 10(2), e24171.
Amira, H., & Ahmad, Y. B. (2021). EFL Students ’ Experiences Of Willingness To Communicate In Extramural Digital ContexT. 10(November), 203–218.
Apoko, T. W. (2024). The Role of Feedback in Motivating EFL Students in Vocational High School : A Qualitative Analysis of Students ’ Perceptions. 9(4), 83–96.
Aryanti, D. (2024). Student ’ s Perceptions and Challenges on English Club Extracurricular Activity at SMAN 8 Lubuklinggau. 2.
Bus, M., & Kusumaningsih, A. (2021). The Effect Of Motivation , Emotional Intelligence , And Learning Environment On Student Learning Achievement ( Case Study Of Student Of Office Administration Education ) Office Administration Education Faculty Of Economics The Effect Of Motivation , Emotional Intelligence , And Learning Environment On Student Learning Achievement ( Case Study Of Student Of Office Administration Education ).
Derakhshan, A., Coombe, C., Zhaleh, K., & Tabatabaeian, M. (2022). Examining the roles of teacher self-efficacy and emotional regulation in L2 teacher burnout: A mixed methods study. TESOL Quarterly, 56(1), 85–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3037
Handayani, R., Surveyanie, R. F., Vania, T. R., Wati, H., Bauty, J. M., & Marhamah, Z. (2023). Students ’ Perceptions of the English Club Extracurricular Program in Terms of Improving Motivation to Learn English. 05(02), 87–93.
Hendriati Afebri, Aderlaepe, M. K. M. (2019). Factors Affecting Students’ Difficulties in Speaking Performance of The Tenth Grade Students of SMA Negeri 1 Tiworo Kepulauan. 3(1), 95–105.
Hidayatulloh, M. D., Tahir, M., & Bakri, F. (2025). A Regression Analysis of Self- Affirmation and Speaking Anxiety on EFL Students ’ Oral Performance : A Mixed-Methods Study in an Indonesian Islamic High School. 8(2), 412–424.
Improves, P. F., & Outcomes, P. L. (2019). Indonesian Educational Studies ( IJES ). 134–143.
In, M., English, J., Sirande, N., & Linggi, M. (2020). Motivation And Demotivation For The Students Of SMPN 1 Makale In Joining English Club Jurnal Andi Djemma | Jurnal Pendidikan Jurnal Andi Djemma | Jurnal Pendidikan. 3, 1–10.
Keguruan, F., Sriwijaya, U., Keguruan, F., & Sriwijaya, U. (2025). Assessing the Impact of Peer Interaction on the English Speaking Proficiency of the 2nd Semester Students of English Education Study Program at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education , Sriwijaya. 3(6), 650–662.
Lenguas, F. D. E. (2024). Benemérita universidad autónoma de puebla.
Merris, D. (2022). Peer Review Penulis Pertama Artikel Ilmiah: The Effectiveness of Corrective Feedback to the Students’ Grammatical Construction on Paragraph Writing Class. Vol. 02(02), 122–131.
Nhan, L. K. (2024). Exploring Students ’ Perceptions of Peer Interaction in Developing English Speaking Skills. 9(9).
Ni, U., Nasihah, M., & Munfaati, F. (2025). Exploring self-regulated learning strategies to enhance English speaking skills among EFL students. 14(3), 472–483.
Nst, M. (2025). Enhancing Speaking Performance : The Role of Self-Regulated Learning , Self-Confidence , and Social Interaction Among English Department Students. 17, 4216–4225. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v17i3.7060
Nugroho, A., Islam, U., Raden, N., & Said, M. (2021). Learners ’ Willingness to Communicate in a Foreign Language : The Role of Informal Digital Learning of. 1(November), 125–133.
Octaberlina, L. R., Training, T., Islam, U., Maulana, N., Ibrahim, M., Java, E., Muslimin, A. I., Training, T., Islam, U., & Mataram, N. (2022). Fostering Students’ Speaking Ability through English Club Activities. 13(September), 414–428.
Oktaviani, A. L., Rapiudin, T. U., & Suryadi, A. (2021). Enhancing EFL Students ’ Speaking Skills Through the Debate Technique : A Classroom Action Research Study. 6.
Pratiwi, D. F. (2024). Internal Factors Influencing Students ’ Speaking. 5(1), 1–11.
R Ukhra, B Usman, A. M. (2020). Using English Commedy Movies With Peer Support In Teaching Speaking. English Education Journal, 11(3), 316–332.
Rahmadana, A., & Pammu, A. (2023). Factors that Affect the Improvement of Students ’ Speaking Skills through Group Discussion Technique : A Case Study at Vocational High School 5 Gowa. 6(4), 713–722.
Salsabila, F. (2025). International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding Enhancing Stu dents ’ Speaking Skills Performance Through English Extracurricular Activities at Senior High School. 380–392.
Sarah, S., Romli, H., Hannifa, K., Yanie, D., Safhira, N. I., & Rohimah, I. (2024). Exploring the role of English club for students speaking skills. 6(1), 44–52.
Sari, F. M., & Wahyudin, A. Y. (2019). EFL students’ writing strategy: A survey study at a university in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(1), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v9i1.15270
Sholihah, F. A. (2024). Student’ s Willingness to Communicate in English in EFL Digital Context: A Narrative Inquiry. 7, 190–198.
Supriyanto, A. C., Pd, S., Savitri, W. E., Pd, S., & Pd, M. (2024). Exploring Factors Influencing Speaking Confidence Among Secondary School Students. 9(2), 61–74.
Tajuddin, A. A., & Shafie, H. (2025). Peer Interaction in English Speaking Skills. IX(Xxiv), 651–659. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS
Teaching, E. L. (2020). ELTR Journal, e-ISSN2579-8235 ,. 4(2), 152–170.
Welay, M., & Nikolov, M. (2024). Heliyon The relationship among EFL learners ’ motivational self-system , willingness to communicate , and self-assessed proficiency at an Ethiopian preparatory high school. Heliyon, 10(2), e24171.
Published
2026-07-26
How to Cite
Simamora, Z. M., & Savitri , W. E. (2026). Internal and External Factors Influencing English Club Students’ Speaking Skills. Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 12(03), 280 - 302. https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v12i03.17336
Section
Articles
