PERJUANGAN NABI MUSA AS MENGHADAPI FIR'AUN DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR'AN: KAJIAN SEJARAH DAN NILAI KEAGAMAAN

Abstract

The story of Prophet Musa (Moses) and Pharaoh is one of the most frequently repeated narratives in the Qur’an, appearing across dozens of surahs with more than one hundred mentions of the name Musa. This article aims to trace the historical course of Prophet Musa’s struggle against Pharaoh, beginning with the oppression of the Israelites, Musa’s birth and childhood in Pharaoh’s palace, his escape to Madyan, his appointment as a messenger at the Valley of Tuwa, his preaching to Pharaoh, Haman, and Qarun, and culminating in the Exodus and the drowning of Pharaoh in the Red Sea. This study employs a library research method with a thematic exegesis (maudhu’i) approach, referring to relevant Qur’anic verses and recent academic studies on the story of Prophet Musa. The findings indicate that Prophet Musa’s struggle contains various religious values, including the values of faith (tawhid), history, morality, justice, patience, and compassionate preaching (qaulan layyinan). The story is also relevant to contemporary phenomena, such as the abuse of power, socio-economic inequality, and resistance to the truth. Therefore, the story of Prophet Musa continues to provide valuable lessons for humanity across different periods.