TINJAUAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA

Abstract

Learning in the 21st century requires active student engagement to ensure that they not only acquire knowledge but also develop critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and communication skills. However, learning practices in elementary schools are still dominated by conventional methods that emphasize memorization, which are less supportive of critical thinking development. This study aims to examine learning models that have the potential to enhance students’ critical thinking skills in the subject of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS). The method used is a thematic literature review by analyzing 10 accredited Sinta and international articles published between 2020-2024 that are relevant to the topic. The findings indicate that problem-based learning, project-based learning, and inquiry/discovery learning models have proven effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills. These models encourage active participation through activities such as discussions, experiments, investigations, and project creation, enabling students not only to receive information passively but also to analyze, evaluate, and solve problems independently. Therefore, the implementation of active learning models is highly recommended for teachers to improve the quality of IPAS learning while simultaneously fostering the critical thinking skills of elementary school students.