PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PPKN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN CRITICAL THINKING KELAS IX F DI SMP NEGERI 13 MADIUN

Abstract

The primary objective of this study was to determine the difference in students' critical thinking skills before and after the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in the Pancasila and Civic Education (PPKn) subject for class IX F at SMP Negeri 13 Madiun City. A Classroom Action Research (CAR) method employing a quantitative descriptive approach was used for this study. The procedural steps undertaken in each cycle included planning (preparing teaching modules, learning media, student worksheets, and observation sheets), action implementation (applying the learning strategies designed in the modules), observation (monitoring student engagement during the lesson), and reflection (analyzing action outcomes, assessing improvements in student cognition, planning subsequent improvements, and drawing conclusions). The research findings indicate that enhancing students' critical thinking skills can be achieved through the PBL model, focusing on five indicators: building basic skills, drawing conclusions, providing additional explanations, and formulating strategic tactics. Students demonstrated greater engagement in identifying problems, analyzing information, offering critical commentary, presenting logical arguments, and developing solutions to the issues at hand.