SASTRA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN: KAJIAN PENGERTIAN, JENIS, DAN BENTUK APRESIASI

Abstract

This article examines literature from an educational perspective, focusing on three

main aspects: the definition of literature, its various types, and forms of literary

appreciation. This study is based on theoretical analysis derived from both classical

literature and recent research. The results of the discussion indicate that literature

is an expression of human experience expressed through aesthetic, imaginative,

and meaningful language. Literary types can be classified based on form (prose,

poetry, drama) and content (narrative, lyric, didactic, dramatic, and reflective). Each

type has its own characteristics that reflect the diversity of culture and societal

values.Furthermore, literary appreciation is understood as an active process

involving the understanding, evaluation, and appreciation of literary works,

encompassing not only cognitive aspects but also affective and social aspects. In

an educational context, literary appreciation plays a crucial role in developing

language skills, enriching vocabulary, fostering aesthetic sensitivity, and instilling

moral and social values. These findings emphasize that literature learning in

elementary schools should emphasize not only theory but also concrete

experiences through reading, writing, discussion, and performance. Thus, literature

not only functions as entertainment but also as an educational tool that supports the

intellectual, emotional, and character development of students.